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Tag Archives: Hijaz

Roman Eastern Foederati and Arab Monotheism Before Islam

By Kyle Orton (@KyleWOrton) on 5 July 2025

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This entry was posted in History of Islam and tagged Alexander Severus, amici populi Romani, Arabia Petraea, Arabs, ascetics, Aurelian, Balkans, Battle of Adrianople, Bosra, Byzantine Empire, Byzantium, Chalcedonian, Christianisation, Christianity, Christians, cives, Constantine, Constantine the Great, Council of Chalcedon, Diocletian, Dumat al-Jandal, Eastern Roman Empire, Elagabalus, Emessa, Ethiopia, Fertile Crescent, foederati, Germanic peoples, Germans, Germany, Ghassanids, God, Gothic War, Goths, Great War, Hegra, heresy, Hijaz, Himyar, holy man, Homs, Ioudaismos, Irfan Shahid, Islam, Jerusalem, Jews, Judaism, Kindites, Lakhmid Kingdom, Lakhmids, Late Antiquity, Levant, Limes Orientalis, limitrophe provinces, loca sancta, Marcus Julius Philippus, Mavia, Mawiyya, Mesopotamia, monastics, monks, Monophysites, Monophysitism, Moses, Nabatean Kingdom, Nabateans, Najran, Negev, Nicene Creed, Oriens, orthodoxy, paganism, pagans, Palaestina, Palestine, Palmyra, Palmyrene Empire, Palmyrenes, Persia, Persian Empire, Philip the Arab, plague, Qaryat al-Faw, Queen of the Tanukh, Qur’an, Rhine, Romaioi, Roman Empire, Roman Republic, Romanisation, Romanitas, Romans, Saint Simeon, Salihids, Sasanians, Semitic people, Severus Alexander, Sinai, Syria, Tanukhids, Theodosius I, Valens, Western Roman Empire, Yemen on July 5, 2025 by KyleWOrton.

Review: “The Sacred City” (2016)

By Kyle Orton (@KyleWOrton) on 26 June 2025

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This entry was posted in Film Review, History of Islam and tagged Abbasid Revolution, Abbasids, Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi, Abd al-Malik, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, Abu al-Faraj, Adur Gushnasp, Aeneid, al-Bayt al-Haram, al-Masjid al-Haram, Al-Muwahhidun, Al-Qifti, Al-Tabari, Almohads, Amr ibn al-As, Arab Empire, Bakka, Banu Qurayza, Battle of Yamama, Becca, Bible, Christianity, Christians, Constantine the Great, Dan Gibson, Emperor Constantine, Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimids, Gethsemane, Golgotha, Gregory Bar Hebraeus, Hadith, Hebrew Bible, Hijaz, Holy Land, Iberia, Ioudaismos, Ishmaelites, ISIS, Islam, Islamic extremism, Islamic history, Islamic State, Islamic Tradition, Ismailis, Israel, Jerusalem, Jesus, Jews, Kaaba, ka’ba, Khalid ibn al-Walid, Kufa, Library of Alexandria, Livy, Mecca, Medina, Millat Ibrahim, Minha, Mongols, monotheism, myth, Ottoman Empire, pagan temples, paganism, pagans, Petra, Prophet Muhammad, Qibla, Qur’an, Rashidun Caliph, Revisionist School of Islamic Studies, Ridda Wars, Romulus and Remus, Sacred House, Sacred Place of Prostration, Saint Paul, Saladin, Saudi Arabia, Second Fitna, Spain, Syriac Orthodox Church, Tanakh, Tarikh al-Hukama, The Sacred City, Umar I, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyads, Virgil, Wahhabis, Wahhabism, Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrians on June 26, 2025 by KyleWOrton.

Was Islam’s Ka’ba Always in Mecca?

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By Kyle Orton (@KyleWOrton) on 11 June 2025

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This entry was posted in History of Islam and tagged Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Abbasids, Abbasids Revolution, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, Abdallah Ibn al-Zubayr, Abraham, Abu Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam, al-Bayt al-Haram, Al-Bukhari, al-huruf al-muqatta’at, Al-Mahdi, Al-Mansur, al-Masjid al-Haram, Al-Naubakht, Al-Saffah, Al-Sira al-Nabawiyya, Al-Tabari, Anastasius of Sinai, Anastasius Sinaita, Angel Gabriel, Angel Yahoel, angelology, angels, Apocalypse of Abraham, Arab conquests, asbab al-nuzul, Baghdad, Black Stone, Byzantines, Byzantium, China, Christianity, Christians, Church Fathers, Church of Saint Lot, Constitution of Medina, Copts, Dan Gibson, Doctrina Jacobi, Dome of the Rock, exegesis, Gawr al-Safi, Gawr as-Safi, Gerald Hawting, Ghassanids, gnostic gospels, Gomorrah, Gospel of Basilides, Gospel of James, Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, Hadith, Hagarenes, Hajar al-Aswad, Hebrew Bible, Hebrew Prophets, Hijaz, Himyar, House of Wisdom, Huaisheng Mosque, Humayma, Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Ibrahim al-Imam, Imam Ali, Imam Husayn, Infancy Gospels, Iran, Ishmaelites, Islam, Islamic Tradition, Israel, Jacob of Edessa, Jews, John of Damascus, John of Sedreh, John the Stylite, John Wansbrough, Jordan, Josephus, Judaism, Kaaba, ka’ba, Kitab al-Amwal, Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, Lakhmids, Late Antiquity, Levant, Lighthouse Mosque, Lot's Cave, Madaba Map, Madaba Mosaic Map, Marwah, Mashallah, Masjid al-Qiblatayn, Mecca, Mhaggraye, monks, monotheism, monotheists, Moses, Mosque of the Two Qiblas, Muawiya, muhajirun, Muhammad al-Ibrahim, mushrikun, Najran Massacre, New Testament, paganism, pagans, Palestine, para-Biblical, Patricia Crone, Persia, Petra, post-Biblical, Prophet Muhammad, Protoevangelium of James, Qibla, Qur’an, Revisionist School of Islamic Studies, Roman Empire, Romans, Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas, Sacred House, Safa, sahaba, Sahifat al-Medina, Saint Lot's Church, Saint Paul, sanctuary, Saracens, Sasanians, Sassanians, Saudi Arabia, Sebeos, sectarian milieu, shari’a, Sirat Rasul Allah, Sodom, Sunna, Tanakh, Teaching of Jacob, The Book About the Origin of the Blessed Mary and the Childhood of the Saviour, The Sacred City, theology, Timothy I, Tom Holland, Torah, Umayyads, umma, Virgin Mary, Yathrib, Zoroastrianism on June 11, 2025 by KyleWOrton.

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