By Kyle Orton (@KyleWOrton) on 23 May 2026
Islamic History is Used as a Weapon by the Islamic State
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Tag Archives: History
Academic Consensus and the Armenian Genocide
Russia, the Armenians, and the Ottoman Empire: A First World War Memoir
By Kyle Orton (@KyleWOrton) on 3 March 2026
Gavriil Korganov, whose name is sometimes Anglicised as Gabriel Korganov, was born on 3 May 1880 in Tiflis in the Russian Empire, what is now Tbilisi, the capital of the Republic of Georgia. Korganov was from a military family and joined the Tiflis Cadet Corps in 1897. Two years later, Korganov enrolled in the Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy in Saint Petersburg and went on to the General Staff Academy. Korganov would become a General in the Imperial Russian Army, and at some point joined the Freemasons. Korganov was to be a significant player in the First World War.
A Note on the Problems of the “Constitution of Medina” for the Islamic Tradition
By Kyle Orton (@KyleWOrton) on 9 June 2025
The “Constitution of Medina” or “Medina Document” (Sahifat al-Medina) is recorded in the Islamic Tradition literature, which post-dates the ninth century, i.e., two-hundred years after the Prophet Muhammad died, but most modern historians accept the Tradition’s claim that the Sahifa is the authentic record of a covenant between the early Muhammadan community and the Jews of Yathrib to establish governance in the city, dating from around 622 AD. This view is taken because the Sahifa is linguistically distinct from the surrounding material and, crucially, it contains elements that are theologically awkward from the perspective of “final form” Islam that stabilises after 800 AD.
Continue readingA Note on the Mu’tazilites and the Office of the Caliph
By Kyle Orton (@KyleWOrton) on 4 June 2025
Muslim belief is that the Qur’an is “uncreated” (ghayr makhluq). While the Qur’an was revealed to Muhammad over twenty-three years (610-32 AD), the “speech of God” (kalam Allah) in these revelations had existed co-eternally with God. This was once a point of serious dispute in Islamic theology, and the outcome of that debate was an important waymarker in the development of Islam.
Gerald Hawting on the Mystery of the Ka’ba
By Kyle Orton (@KyleWOrton) on 1 June 2025
Below is a reproduction of an academic book chapter by G.R. Hawting, “The Origins of the Sanctuary at Mecca”, in G.H.A. Juynboll [ed.] (1982), Studies on the First Century of Islamic Society, pp. 23-47.
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